Hyperlipidaemia and its future prospective in district Gujrat, Pakistan: a retrospective study

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of hyperlipidaemia with respect to age and gender, and to assess future prospects.

Method: The retrospective study was conducted in October 2024 at Dr Abdul Rauf Laboratory, Gujrat, Pakistan, and comprised data from January 1, 2020, to September 30, 2024, of patients who had undergone lipid profile test. To assess prospects for the next 10 years, Seasonal Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average model was used by using Jupyter Notebook of Anaconda Navigator 1.9.12 that was installed in Microsoft window 7(32 bit).

Results: Of the 4,004 patients, 2,338(58.4%) were male and 1,666(41.6%) were female. The overall prevalence of hyperlipidaemia was 3286(82.1%). The prevalence of hyperlipidaemia among male patients was high throughout the time as 266(86.9%) in 2020, 384(84.4%) in 2021, 444(86.7%) in 2022, 500(83.8%) in 2023 and 408(87.2%) in 2024. In contrast, female patients exhibited comparatively lower prevalence rates as 146(81.1%) in 2020, 298(74.7%) in 2021, 279(74.8%) in 2022, 308(77.4%) in 2023 and 253(80.1%) in 2024. In males age group 41-50 years highly effected with 564(88.3%) while in females age group 51-60 years with 366(80.6%). The prevalence of high level of triglycerides, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein, and low level of high-density lipoprotein was 2364(59%), 1454(36.3%), 1172(29.3%) and 2022(50.5%) respectively. Level of triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein was higher in males 1454(62.2%), 1371(58.6%) compared to females 910(54.6%), 651(39.1%) while the level of cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein was higher in females 618(37.1%), 497(29.8%) compared to males 836(35.8%), 675(28.9%). The Seasonal Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average model suggested that hyperlipidaemia over the next 10 years in Gujrat will fluctuate between 80% and 90%.

Conclusion: All stakeholders need to play their role in controlling the spread of life-threatening hyperlipidaemia.

Key Words: Hyperlipidaemia, Triglycerides, Cholesterol, High-density lipoprotein, Low-density lipoprotein, Heart diseases, Strokes.